091 224 Tourism Perspective of Architecture Planning and Design

 Tourism from the Perspective of Architecture Planning and Design
(This article is December 24, 2009 speech at the Tsinghua University School of Architecture)
Today is Christmas Eve, Christmas Eve is the time to play by listening to such a course should say But Christmas Eve, after all, foreign section, foreigners can be cool today, we Chinese people are still struggling, because different stages of development. I have bond with Tsinghua University, Tsinghua thirteen-year-old entered the park, but later regret not opportunities, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University is cattle, particularly in the cattle School of Architecture. but we can not only in institutions, the vision is impossible not institutions, social world wide, plenty of fun things, so I combined today Travel, tourism perspective about the architectural planning and design.
tourism research I did for thirty years, including sixteen years in the official mixed in four of the twelve years when the Division Director, then I wanted a little bit free and ran out. but found that administration of the school is also very powerful, but also formed the impression that the intensity of competition for resources institutions over the bureaucracy. because institutions relatively fewer resources, so the intensity of competition to high official has the power, resources, a little more,UGG boots cheap, it is not their own can also create some resources. In any case, after all, institutions have the advantage of institutions, so I would like to combine three years of travel and practice their own process, to talk about my little experience to share with you.
Introduction: from shines, immediately excited, and feel good tourism economy, play is work, and I also love to play. But at that time the material could barely see the travel, then suddenly one day see the can be learned. So, then, the problem, you can say is Mr. Tao Zongzhen, one is Mr. Yang Naiji. These two gentleman are super architect, is less to do the project, talk about ideas, and once I asked them why they do not do the project, they said all day long drawing, restrict their scholarship. but then the two gentlemen are also done with my projects, for example, I have done with the first project that Mr. Yang Beijing Grand View Garden project, he spoke about planning concepts, I do economic analysis; I do with Otto The first project is the Beijing Ming Tombs Reservoir project. I also just started then, but then not many tourism experts, an they are worthy of a super-architects, really broad thinking, but knowledge is profound, are eclectic, the old generation of cultural accumulation and scholarship we are difficult to catch.
education of my generation is the generation of dating and more learn more by themselves, continued education of young people now, the knowledge structure intact. Our generation has an advantage, that is a school complex stomach, but there is a serious deficiency is the lack of basic academic training. Tsinghua University's academic training is strict, but now see there is a problem is the limitations of discipline. since all aspects of travel requirements to be a little bit of knowledge, just adapt to my stomach that a mixed school, but schools in terms of ideas and not the location of travel. But architecture is different Construction time is already very mature discipline, tourism is just emerging disciplines. So, I keep a mature discipline with a frame of reference to correspond to the development of an emerging discipline, this comparison process instrumental to my growth role, but also really think this is something fun, so in the end on this road.
2, experience
(1) practice comes real knowledge, the time the truth. I am even now scholarship school's academic institutions are not , has been described Weixiao An amount of knowledge out of their feet. Now about a year to run the country five or six hundred and ten places, running four or five hundred ten days, almost a day or two is necessary for a place, the species of all sorts of things are. so one year down, about five hundred to look at four scenic spots, and more than a dozen times a day to see the most tired looking thirty-one days, so I have a very deep feelings that practice comes real knowledge, not enough knowledge is not enough. especially the tourism that is very practical subject, you should know there are three, first is to knowledgeable, and the second is to have knowledge, read this old saying rolls, running thousands of miles way of truth. knowledgeable, educated people may have courage, the key moment in order to have their point of view.
but just know that is not enough, also need to have a reason, and the truth must depend on the time temper, and sometimes feel like saying it right, but after a year to find what he says is wrong, but was still firm in feel is very good. So, what is a really good time to settle down in what is things really stand the test of history, so I do not have something, I can only have a little perspective, some view the time-tested, but still far from the truth. However, the accumulation from generation to generation, the total should be the point of the real thing, but we're a lot of things are not the real thing.
I now take nine Ph.D., Ph.D. I read the first requirement is a doctoral level, should clear his mind out of the pseudo-knowledge. I Dr. Ph.D. in economics, and natural sciences as well as different, something more true of natural science, social aspects of graduate students from primary school to read the knowledge base is largely accepted pseudo-knowledge, can not be called science. The reason why these pseudo-knowledge also can be filled, because the rule requires, but we can not do without consciousness. such as learning the history of the five stages of social development, now largely rejected by academics, but we all learn this early age, I feel this is the true knowledge, practical is pseudo-knowledge. Therefore, only the pseudo-knowledge, or to exclude some more pseudo-knowledge as a reference, it might actually learn something.
(2) develop a unique perspective, foster reverse thinking.'s unique perspective is to have their own point of view, of course, everyone has limitations, and regardless of our perspective right, we must first be unique, not others, and often unique perspective that few areas are formed between the cross. Second, we must cultivate reverse thinking to form a view, they need to first consider what this view is wrong. For example, I work at the National Tourism Administration, if the work to figure out a new idea, that generally mature, they begin to criticize their point of view, until that no What can be critical, and to know that it can be set up. of a work measures, step by step down to, from the perspective of the National Tourism Administration is how to think, going to think the State Council, other departments will think, to the provincial, city and county, has been to see how various types of enterprises, if there is a link that ambiguity is not clear to explain study was not enough, we should open a few will, which are figured out, it almost mature. However, there is a difficulty for a long time its hard to do, whether it out yourself is not too easy.
3, three-dimensional thinking
general, to form a three-dimensional thinking method, called sky, looked around and indecisive. indomitable spirit is the height, looked around the width and indecisive is the length, so we must have strategic vision, but also a historical perspective, but also a technical perspective. here today before the China Real Estate News The two reporters to interview me, talk about the real estate industry, first of all I do not agree with their concept, the real estate is a producer-led industry, and promote only the profits, we should convert a concept should not be called real estate, should be called inhabitation living needs space or space, this is a people-oriented, demand-driven departure from some of the more aware.
my identity is now a National Standardization Technical Committee chairman, leisure, this is the last month of the newly established an organization, the organization owned by the direct leadership of the National Standardization Management Committee. Therefore, we want to do next year, a casual community of national standards, a time to begin to discuss this matter was raised leisure real estate standards, standards of the leisure real estate or producers orientation, so we finally made leisure community standards. from start to improve everyone's quality of life, come to guide the formation of market-led development of the industry, in fact, the concept of thinking this is the reverse conversion. because not only is a conceptual problem, in fact, from ideas and concepts into the concept of real estate development is what is the purpose? now developing real estate is local financial revenue, is the boss to make money, what the benefits of the common people? improve the quality of the entire national life of significance? so this is not only a conceptual problem , everything has a reason, everything has two sides, both sides want to put us through, this matter can generally unchanging.
building over the years and many academic contacts, and sometimes have very intense discussions , each have their own reasons, I sides feel very full, so I have today, and architects from the area of contact with more talk about that situation and feeling.
a hotel planning and design
1, each learn from each other temper
hotel planning and design is that the three decades since the country entered a deep architect of a field, but sorry to have not yet figure out a master. Why can not highlight it? is the practice opportunities for small? reasonably speaking, the practice of international opportunities are less and less, especially in developed countries, on the contrary we have many opportunities to practice in China. I have a friend to the United States to read Dr. Architecture, instructors asked him did How big a project, he said that the design had a total of over two hundred thousand square meters of the things that you do not have to learn a mentor, said he was something designed eighty thousand square meters. So, logically speaking, the opportunity to practice in China up, then why not we can not master? In practice, I have talked to many architects, but also often controversial, often function,UGG bailey button, structure and appearance of such technical issues, in essence, is a market problem.
s A case in Huangshan Cloud Valley Villa, I've been several times to YunGu the first time is open to the Secretary for the National Tourism Council, the bus stopped at the door to see every corner of the attendants are standing, feel that Villa great, put the box in my room to go out, stroll back to after could not find room, this is the first time, impressed. The second is that impression. Later, China Tourism News a set of Chinese selection of first-class hotels, up is YunGu, when I was in the management of the Division Director, Division Head Hotel, owned by, which I do not agree. from architectural point of view, the mountain will not pressure House, House does not push Hill, it should be said very cleverly done, but from a functional point of view, extremely failure. So, I was a judge that the hotel can never expect to make money, then simply make changes YunGu function, called Huangshan Shuyuan, because, as a hotel, YunGu can not be sustained. The second case is the Wuyi Mountain Village. Wuyi Mountain Village is also on the potential with very good shape, better in the very emphasis on functional aspects, therefore, from the architectural and aesthetic point of view, this is an excellent work From a practical function, it is also an excellent work.
2, appearance of the subject structure, structure follows function
in the planning and design in the hotel, should be subject to the appearance of the structure, the structure follows function, it should be positive, function is the first one. But the architect is often the subject structure, function, structure, subject to appearance. to design a curious appearance, the appearance of the get out, think about how to design the hotel, this hotel will be a failure. such as Beijing Wuzhou Grand Hotel, the National Federation of Trade Unions Activities Centre, Waldorf Hotel, Beijing Architectural Design Institute, are all, are poorly designed project, here is an important reason for the lack of real practice and consumer experience.
it can not less chance that we architect, but in the original case, for example to design a hotel and immediately formed a delegation to Europe, Southeast Asia, visiting the United States, including a pass, stroll after a good look at what did according to science, but only learned appearance. Western architects went to the hotel which the hotel a good consumer, which house a good house to live, eat something delicious. we were not conditions, only during the day to visit, we can only saw the appearance of the background things are invisible, and no consumer experience, this is the phenomenon of the formation of many years. supposedly now architects have the money, not spend afford, but could not bear to spend thousands of dollars, the ten thousand live one night. But Jiudian live out, no actual experience, do not know a lot of problems, not just reading. I considered the industry expert, stayed in the hotel five or six one thousand, and five or six one thousand from the best and this to the worst there. So, I went to a hotel, a car, an hour to see a hundred questions may be raised. I Division in the work of the National Tourism Administration, when the staff of the hotel at the request of that hotel Look for two hours, two hundred questions to ask is to pick two hundred problems, they began to feel a reach, but to look after the hotel to find problems everywhere. It is said that many problems should be resolved at the design stage should not be there, but exists, or the lack of real depth.
so, resulting in a situation, we are now hotel white elephant, without benefit costs, flashy, more so the more high-star hotel Of course, this is not just the designer's reasons, more important reason is the reason the owners, the owners seek large, for good, seeking luxury, but the details of the problem is not the reason the owners because the owners think of these details, it must be a designer problems. So, this does require the designer in-depth, because the design of the hotel market is still a great future, China's hotel three years from two hundred sixty-three has grown to more than twenty thousand, basically a hundredfold increase in the future there will be a hundred times if not increase, but in general there will be five times the growth, this area is very open.
3, experience design
experience design is the so-called eyes, ears , nose, tongue, body, mind, God's full experience, especially for places like hotels, is a living space, if we can not consider the details of life, the design must be a failure. For example, we most often encounter case is the hotel's light headache, light many, many people used to go to bed at night will have to look at the book before, but most of the hotel bed without reading lamp. For another example, first turn off the lights at night, usually in hotels lights to turn off one by one, to find every light switch, and sometimes take several minutes to close, but could not find the lamp is most needed. One time I went to a hotel to see a spotlight on the pillow, that is, reading light, feeling pretty good, the results open the lamp is very dark at night, and finally to the toilet can not only read books, because only the brightest place. This is a typical white elephant, rather than cost benefits, flashy, in fact, does not fully consider the needs of guests.
we did the past few years the standard four hotels, including the theme hotels, resort hotels, business hotels, conference hotel, the reason to do such a standard is that of a star by hat we wear is gone, basically completed the task of standardization, the next step requires functional and personalized. we set the standard at all times from the person's needs, such as the standards detailed in the conference room a speech to Taiwan Standard, the original stage is a slope, because they had no computer, read the manuscript to take the leadership came to power on the end, things are different now, and now have a place to put the computer, so the amount of what the platform needs specialized long, need more width, rostrum on the need to configure anything, the mercy of how these things look good, but also functional. Another example is we're really devoted to the different specifications of the pedal, for example, some people not tall, is to have a thick pedal, so that he looked tall and mighty, if you do not need tall, so the pedals of different specifications to meet different requirements. It is this refinement of the requirements of human culture, it reflects the real level of the hotel.
another example of the Resort rooms, our request is divided into five areas: First, the entrance area, can not simply look at it as a hallway, but as a functional area of view; Second, bathing area, not when the toilet of view, to as a bathing area; third viewing area, such as the bay window, balcony; fourth play area; five are sleeping. a resort hotel rooms to be divided into five zones, each have different requirements, this be put in place, The reason why five districts so that we can make, because we felt, as a guest with an intuitive feeling, and naturally you can think of that. So, after all, or to understand how the depth, the depth experience of how this is a the overall experience design.
5, features 20 points, service points 20
next refinement of the functional, cultural deepening, naturally, involves a series of problems, we need more and more detailed, so We first service points to reach 20, which is proposed by Hyatt service standards, this standard is that the hotel is divided into twenty parts, each part of a twenty service points. Similarly, in accordance with 20 service points we can summarized the main points of the 20 features, functions and then summed up the 20 points of design points is 20. So, this stuff is fun, but it does require effort to pondering the next point. In this regard,UGG boots, I have a general feeling that our design Teachers studied thoroughly enough, the designers finally have a design project, they are more hotels with the general public nature, so individuals must take it into a monument, so the requirements in the appearance of a very superior, very unique. such as Continental Grand Hotel, looks like a piano, black and white keys to be reflected, pay attention to the appearance, so the function is poor. things like this are common, and this does need some break in the final analysis that is people-oriented.
these years I have participated in the demonstration many times the hotel planning and design of the review, one of the biggest conflict is functional and architects in the different views. Qingdao Haitian once the second phase transformation, to mention a building program, I and nine an architectural experts, including the then President of Tsinghua University to discuss the day, feeling very Confucian group of words, because the architects were really bad, she spoke began to draw, drawing one of their most important expression, I can only use language to express. Later, an architect to express for me as I paint, really feel that they are technically not, but I know how customers think, because we spend all day on these details. Finally in the evening, Hotel President and General Manager are still inclined to my program, which actually reflects a deeper issue, that is why the architectural planning and design issues. so many years, and academic buildings can be said to learn from each other, mutual temper.
Second, area planning and design
1, protection and utilization
(1) characteristics of the tourism industry. the construction sector, cultural sector, including the cultural sector, their basic view is that the tourism sector is engaged in damage, They are engaged in protection, and preconceptions. Academy of Social Sciences Center for Environmental Protection has organized a cultural heritage protection and the use of seminars, on behalf of the National Tourism Administration to participate in, all the views are the opposite and I began to arrange each fifteen minutes to speak, because only one person I have different views, then give me half an hour. half an hour, I basically had to say these words again, the voice of a down, the audience raised their hands like a forest, like Then I said, today's discussion is the protection and utilization, conservation and use issues are not technical issues, if you want to talk about technical issues I did not say, because how to protect cultural relics, ancient buildings how to protect this regard, I do not understand. However, nature protection and use of the administrative system. Later, the museum's curator of several stand up and say in favor of my view, is very simple, because in the end they have to consider wages, bonuses to the end of the year will, but also benefit to employees, if not actively use is difficult to achieve. Later, the China Cultural Relics newspaper reported on the meeting, only that Of course, this is not very fair. But, after so many years of running, and now the whole debate we have not, not one that we think of engaging in tourism destroyed.
(2) break expert ideas. We can not rigidly adhere in the eyes of experts, limited to the professional field. to use the intangible tangible development, hosted by the invisible visible. experts is precisely the limitations of its own experts, but experts often think they do not know nothing, do anything, so no are not made. This mistake made, and is justly villain. Intellectuals do not have the natural and moral advantages of the weaknesses of human nature does not change because of the accumulation of knowledge, but not alone a say is necessarily correct. To some extent, the interests of experts has become a department spokesman. Our area planning and design with the owners sometimes do not, on the one hand, the reason the owners do not understand the other hand, there are our contacts the actual reason is not enough.
demolition of the old farmers build new ideas, old as is the whole idea of Mr. Dong Hong, old and new is clearly true respect for culture. the whole old as many years is the same ancient building sector a principle, or even become a classic, but in reality this is not a good way, because China's ancient architecture in the main civil engineering structures, civil structure of the building live person does not work, civil construction of the house was not lived down, if a will collapse on live. If the old as strong adjustment, such as when it is old? Now the idea needs to be adjusted. such as the State Council has met to discuss the the National Palace overhaul program, Deputy Prime Minister Li was made to restore the Kangxi and Qianlong of the scene, was the unanimous opposition of academics, because we emphasize repairing the old old. Later, Comrade Li said at the meeting: to adjust the old as you are strong when old? capital Beijing from the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of five centuries of history , was renamed in 1925 called the Forbidden City, the resumption of Kangxi and Qianlong of the historical picture of the year is not it? a result, everyone speechless, think about it, really is the truth. separation of the overall configuration of old and new requirements, new and old clear is the specific construction requirements.
(3) civilization and culture. extra tricks that civilization, the evolution of civilization is fine, is the development of sophisticated luxury, the ultimate luxury is simple, simple evaluation is culture. In the final analysis we the pursuit of beauty, good things to spend time on, is a quality of life. The so-called good, said the U.S. text, habitats, scenery, beauty, food, art, Merlot, etc., it is an object of beauty; calm appreciation, enjoyment slowly, which is the process of the United States. from planning and design for the area, the issue involved here is more complex, but the point here, to come up with new, I am afraid that in the simple on. passage of time, the ancients have enough patience to allow carved time to complete their work. modern shortage of time, seize the day, it is impossible for a corresponding patient. Therefore, the use of space to compress time and space with a system to support the existing features. did not say construction process, planning and design from the point of view, we spent too much great energy?
so many years, one of my most admired works is the second phase of Zhejiang Wuzhen, this a project for six years, investment in six hundred million Third, neither the planners nor the designer, is owner of a person in the dry. In the middle I've been three times and did not go. a project took six years to have considerable patience, Wuzhen is relying on a second phase Streets built up, the boss on the street every day to see these old broken houses, seen through each house and then demolished, brick by brick, stone and tree are number one in the evening back to sketch the next day to the artisans to press the sketch construction. residential-style house did not need to how complicated,Bailey UGG boots, but the experience is the most important craftsmen, so get up and step by step, after the expiry of a building as a cultural heritage can fully work. After completion of the project , Sixty per cent of the project to six hundred million shares was sold CYTS, full cost recovery, but also left a forty percent stake, which is profit. for now in terms of market value, this I am afraid that the value of two billion project, the project is not the most successful local planners, not designers. This should be our tourism planning and design industry in shame.
Guren Jiang Heaven, above all, respect for nature heart, a thankful heart. So take implicit, hidden, paste, close, soft, soft, and, combined, and other practices. we absorb a lot of Western ideas, always tell the overwhelming nature, many cities are squares, major roads and large high-rise buildings, large green spaces such a set, they actually need out. Therefore, to reverence for nature, valued resources, to treat culture and respect for his predecessors. If we want to create a design that China's hotel school, area planning design school, I am afraid to be garbage, too much garbage we are now.
2, area change
(1) dilute the area. Now area has been a big change, you need to dilute the area, played down the development of the new requirements. strengthen the area of natural enhancement landscape, the visual requirements as the first or even the only requirement. but under the new market demands, requiring a comprehensive, integrated experience that is 眼耳鼻舌身 mind the overall experience. On the other hand, first-class tourist resources have been fully developed, and then stressed area will continue to intensify efforts to develop more money, do not a good thing. Therefore, it should be transformed into historical and cultural experience of area, leisure and recreation areas, eco-tourism area, tourist resorts, a special tourist areas, entertainment district and other location. We are not opposed area, but we can not wear a hat area, what are the area can not, what are not OK with the idea of scenic spots. So, a lot more money is not a good thing to do.
I Manchuria had just come back yesterday, saw a door in the local area, known as the only country area, this sentence is not right, Friendship Gate in Guangxi, Yunnan Ruili port are attractions are the country. Manchuria can be said that most of the country, the latest country, the best of the country, but by no means the only, and, in general, not the concept of area, so that the positioning of the local cultural tourism zone should be. do not necessarily have the scenic spot with a hat. and later saw a ski museum, a Mongolian camp, a large temple, the three things together is very good combination of resources, the local area also said that, in fact, this is the area of a leisure experience.
the idea of the first area to repair the door no door is not impressive; second place to have tickets, not tickets are not area, there is no business model is not the ticket collector. ancients gate repair people expressed awe, to the gate is behind the mountain, immediately feel the people are too small a, the mountain will have a once awe. but now different and drove to wear later, what is the significance gate repair? spend millions building a gate that is not meaningful. Now the consumer in different ways, and people feelings in different ways, and many things will adjust, the adjustment of a deeper purpose is to spend less and doing more good things, this was welcome owners, planning units in order to make the brand. to change from landscape to the scenic area, there are in King, ubiquitous experience. core competence consists of four main elements: product differentiation, brand recognition, customer loyalty, market reputation.
(2) per point of thinking. We per point should be thinking, the origin of construction. The so-called theory of language per point of thinking it is the element by philosophy, meta thinking, element theory, it is necessary to come to explore their roots. origin of the construction to take advantage of this place to the largest mining. such as Yunnan Baoshan, Baoshan now we do not know where the general said, one that is Shanghai Baoshan to think that, because the most famous Shanghai's Baoshan, Yunnan Baoshan but is a prefecture-level cities, logically, it should be known than Shanghai's Baoshan . Baoshan this place away from the inland very far, so can go to that place are generally not public, to go to Baoshan must be somewhat their culture, Baoshan publicity can use some of the text word. Baoshan is a border city, from Baoshan starting to draw out a map to Baoshan as the center, around radiation, radiation to Southeast Asia, radiation to Kunming, it can be made to the geographical origin of the Baoshan, culture yuan point. other places not to mention such a concept, the rest of the more popular slogan is more good.
do in the future planning are related to this issue, we used to say in general the language of officialdom or the author's language, but the language of officialdom is correct nonsense, the language of academics, scholars of the language is four, six sentence, make it difficult to remember. What we really need is the language of the market, people listen to it again to remember. For instance, we did this year, the research on Wudang Mountain, Wudang first time when I Wudang proposed a marketing slogan is called year-old daughter asked him where he is difficult to explain where the Wudang is to borrow the animated film place. Then I proposed to borrow this sentence to the marketing slogan 3, the idea of converting
(1) stage of development. After the industrial perspective, pre-industrial mining resources and create super-industrial products, corresponding to the industrial market. This is a fundamental transformation, the country is now largely in the industrialized development of mid-coastal region has entered a post-industrial development, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, where has entered the post-industrial period, so we must have such a concept In 1973, when the Americans Daniel. Baker wrote a book called After 1974, the architect of the United States annual meeting, we all agree that the book's point of view, and formed a consensus that the United States has entered a post-industrial society, the period of industrialization characterized by skyscrapers, so from now on, the United States can not be built skyscrapers. But the U.S. has accumulated a wealth of experience in the construction of skyscrapers, is way out in unison was the architect of Japan, because Japan is in the industrialization period. step by step has now been transferred to China, we are now pursuing the equivalent of the United States Thirty-five years people have eliminated the target, and we also make it a modern, in fact, China has now become a testing ground for the world's architects.
respected in China are now industrialized buildings, including the central TV new site, Beijing is just like a bird into the city, Nest (National Stadium), eggs (National Theatre), bird legs (CCTV), the beak ...